Isesengura ku bushobozi bw’ishoramari n’inyungu z’ahantu ho gukinira abana imbere mu maduka manini:

—

 Ubushakashatsi bw’ubushobozi bw’ishoramari n’inyungu mu bice byo gukinira abana mu maduka akomeye   

  01 Icyifuzo cy’amaduka akomeye  

Amaduka akomeye, azwiho kuba afite abantu benshi, abakiriya benshi, n’ubushobozi bwo kugura, amaze igihe kinini afatwa nk’ahantu heza kubashoramari. Abashoramari benshi bateganya gufungura ahantu ho gukinira abana mu maduka kugirango bakoreshe iyi nterabwohe. Ariko se ibintu by’ukuri ni gute? Bishobora kubyara inyungu? Inyungu y’ubwinshi ni iki? Ibi ni isesengura rigufi.  

◆  Ahantu heza n’itsinda ry’abakiriya   

Amaduka akomeye ubusanzwe aherereye ahantu heza, byoroshye kugerwaho, afite abantu benshi n’umubare munini w’abakiriya bafite ubushobozi. Babonye iyi mihindagurikire, ahantu ho gukinira abana mu nzu afite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukura. Nubwo aho gucunga arihenze, ahandi nk’aho n’amaduka birashobora gushinga ubucuti bukungahaye. Binyuze mu gukoresha umubare munini w’abantu ba muri ayo maduka, ahantu ho gukinira hashobora gukurura abantu benshi byoroshye, bikaba byemeza kuba ahandi hazwi cyane.  

◆  Icyifuzo cy’imyidagaduro n’ibyangombwa by’umuryango   

Amaduka akomeye ntabwo ari ahantu ho kugura gusa ahubwo n’ahantu h’imyidagaduro n’ibintu by’umuryango. Hano, ababyeyi n’abana barashobora kwishimira serivisi zihuriweho nko kurya, kugura, no kwidagadura, bikabaha ibyo bakeneye bitandukanye nko guhurira, kwidagadura, no gushimangira isano y’ababyeyi n’abana. Ahantu ho gukinira abana mu maduka yabaye ahantu hashyamye h’imyidagaduro y’umuryango, bikurura abantu benshi.  

◆  Ubushobozi bw’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa by’abana   

Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’imyitwarire yo kugura mu babyeyi b’ababyeyi b’imyaka ya 80 na 90, amafaranga y’abana ubu agera hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibikoreshwa mu rugo. Nk’ahantu ka “ahantu ka gatatu k’ubuzima” ka muhindagurikire mu mijyi, amaduka akomeye akora nk’ahantu nyamukuru yo kugura by’umuryango – cyane cyane ku bana. Amaduka menshi akora cyane ahantu ho gukinira abana, amenya ukuri kw’ibanze: *aho hari abana, ni ho hari amafaranga*. Binyuze mu kwibanda ku mafaranga y’umuryango inyuma y’ikiguzi cy’abana no gukoresha imikorere y’ikiguzi hagati y’abana n’ababyeyi, amaduka akomeye atuma haba ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kumara igihe kinini. Bityo, gufungura ahantu ho gukinira abana mu maduka ntabwo bigamije abakiriya benshi gusa ahubwo binagirira ibyangombwa by’ubucuruzi bukaze. Hamwe n’ingamba nziza zo gukora, ababyeyi bakunze kwishyura amakarita y’ubunyamuryango, bituma bishobora gukurura igiciro byihuse no kugira inyungu ikomeye.  

  02 Inyungu n’isubirizo ry’ishoramari  

◆  Imiterere y’injiza y’ahantu ho gukinira abana   

Inzira nyamukuru z’injiza zikubiyemo amatike yo kwinjira rimwe n’amacuruza y’amakarita y’ubunyamuryango. Ibiciro bya matike bisanzwe biva kuri $4 kugeza $16 kuri buri kwinjira mu turere dutandukanye, hagati ya $4-$12 aribyo bisanzwe (abanyamuryango babona igiciro cyagabanutse). Urugero, ahantu ho gukinira ka 300m² mu maduka akomeye mu mujyi wa kabiri hashobora kwishyuza $7 kuri buri kwinjira. Amahitamo y’ubunyamuryango akubiyemo amakarita ashingiye ku kwinjira, amakarita y’ukwezi, ukwezi kumwe, igice cy’umwaka, n’umwaka. Mu ntangiriro, amakarita y’ukwezi n’ukwezi kumwe niyo atwara amacuruza; uko abakiriya batera imbere, amakarita y’igice cy’umwaka n’umwaka aba ari yo yibandwaho.  

◆  Isesengura rya ROI mu bice byo gukinira bishingiye ku maduka   

Ishoramari rimwe, inyungu z’igihe kirekire ry’ahantu ho gukinira mu maduka rikurura abashoramari benshi. Ishoramari ry’ibanze rikubiyemo kode, ibikoresho byo gukinira, imitako, n’umushahara w’abakozi. Ariko, aya mafaranga ahinduka inyungu nyinshi nyuma. Ku bice byo gukinira ka 300m², ishoramari ry’ibanze risanzwe riva kuri $40,000 kugeza $70,000.  

Tuvuze ko ishoramari ari $70,000, injiza y’ukwezi ishobora kugera ~$18,000. Amezi ane aba ashobora guhura n’ikibazo cy’amafaranga mu gihe cyo kwishyura, ariko imikorere yitondetse ishobora gukurura igiciro mu mezi 1-2. Nyuma y’ibyo, inyungu zisanzwe z’ukwezi ziba hafi $18,000. Ubu ni ugutinya kwihanganira; imikorere nyayo ishobora gutanga inyungu nyinshi.  

Nubwo hari amafaranga menshi y’ibanze, inyungu nyinshi n’umubare utuje w’abakiriya bituma habaho kwishyura byihuse n’inyungu zishishikaje.  

  Umusozo  

Gufungura ahantu ho gukinira abana mu maduka bitanga ubushobozi bwinshi bw’isoko ndetse n’inyungu nyinshi na ROI. Abakora benshi batsinze baragura urugero cyangwa bakafungura amashami anyuranye nyuma yo kubona inyungu. Kubashoramari bamenya iyi nterabwohe, ubu nicyo gihe cyo gukora.  

—